What Causes Gum Disease & How to Avoid It
Table of contents
|
If you’ve ever noticed bleeding gums while brushing or persistent bad breath that doesn’t seem to improve, you’re not alone. These can sometimes be early signs that your gums need extra attention.
Looking after your gums is an important part of maintaining good oral health. While brushing twice daily is essential, cleaning between teeth and below the gumline is also an important part of a consistent oral care routine.
In this guide, we explain what gum disease is, common symptoms to look out for and practical ways to help support healthier gums.
What is gum disease?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common condition that affects the gums and supporting structures around the teeth.
In its early stages, gums may appear red, swollen or bleed during brushing and flossing. If left unmanaged, symptoms may progress over time and affect gum health further.
Gum disease is commonly grouped into the following stages:
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease. Symptoms may include mild redness, irritation or occasional bleeding when brushing or flossing.
With good oral hygiene habits and regular dental care, gingivitis can often be improved.
Mild periodontitis
If plaque build-up remains untreated, the gums may begin to pull away slightly from the teeth, creating spaces where plaque and debris can collect more easily.
Symptoms may include increased gum sensitivity, inflammation and persistent bleeding.
Moderate periodontitis
As gum disease progresses, symptoms may become more noticeable and could include ongoing bad breath, discomfort while chewing and gum recession.
Advanced periodontitis
In more advanced cases, the structures supporting the teeth may become affected, which can eventually lead to loose teeth or tooth loss.
Regular dental check-ups are important for identifying signs early and supporting long-term gum health.
Symptoms of gum disease
Some common signs of gum disease may include:
- Red, swollen or irritated gums
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing
- Persistent bad breath
- Sensitive teeth or gums
- Gum recession
- Loose teeth
- Discomfort while chewing
If you notice ongoing symptoms or changes in your oral health, it’s important to speak with your dentist.
What causes gum disease?
There are several factors that may contribute to gum disease, including:
Plaque build-up
Plaque is a sticky film that naturally forms on the teeth throughout the day. If plaque is not removed effectively through brushing and cleaning between teeth, it can build up around the gumline.
Over time, plaque may harden into tartar, which can only be removed professionally.
Inconsistent oral hygiene habits
Not brushing and cleaning between teeth regularly may increase plaque build-up and contribute to gum irritation over time.
Health conditions and medications
Certain health conditions and medications may affect oral health and gum sensitivity. If you have concerns about how medication may impact your mouth or gums, speak with your healthcare professional or dentist.
Hormonal changes
Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy or menopause may sometimes make gums more sensitive or prone to irritation.
Smoking
Smoking may impact gum health and make it more difficult for the gums to recover from irritation. Maintaining a good oral care routine and attending regular dental appointments is especially important for smokers.
How to help prevent gum disease
Maintaining a consistent oral care routine can help support healthier gums.
Brush twice daily
Brush your teeth twice a day using fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush.
Clean between teeth daily
Cleaning between teeth helps remove plaque and debris from areas a toothbrush may not reach.
Water flossers can help clean between teeth and below the gumline as part of a complete oral care routine.
Replace your toothbrush regularly
Replacing your toothbrush or toothbrush head every 1–3 months helps maintain effective cleaning.
Attend regular dental check-ups
Routine dental appointments can help identify oral health concerns early and support long-term gum health.
How to support gum health
If you are experiencing signs of gum irritation, your dentist may recommend changes to your oral care routine depending on your individual needs.
Some ways to support gum health may include:
- Maintaining consistent brushing and flossing habits
- Attending professional dental cleanings
- Reducing smoking where possible
- Following personalised advice from your dentist or hygienist
Support your oral hygiene routine with Waterpik™
A consistent oral care routine plays an important role in supporting healthier gums.
Waterpik™ water flossers help clean between teeth and below the gumline using a targeted stream of water, helping remove plaque and debris from hard-to-reach areas.
Explore the Waterpik™ range online, including cordless and countertop water flossers designed to suit a variety of lifestyles and oral care routines.
If you need help choosing the right product, visit our FAQs page or contact our friendly team who will be happy to help.